Climate Change policies of India

Policies in Gujarat 

 

• Gujarat Solar Power Policy, 2021

Gujarat has so far reached 11,000 MW of production capability and has set a goal of producing 30,000 MW of green energy by 2022, the majority of which will be wind and solar energy.

Gujarat has outlined the potential for significant solar power generation within the state. To capitalize on the potential and encourage solar power generation, the State Government implemented the Solar Power Policy in June 2009, with the following main goals:

a) Using solar energy to promote the generation of green and clean power in the state.

b) Establishing an appropriate investment climate capable of leveraging the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).

c) Productive use of wastelands, resulting in socioeconomic transportation.

d) Job creation and skill development for local youth.

e) R&D promotion and technology transfer facilitation

f) Develop core technical competence in state professionals to initiate and sustain us, as well as effective management, of newer applications.

h) Encouragement of local manufacturing.

I Raising environmental awareness among citizens

 

• Bio‐fuel Policy

The policy aims to improve ethanol yield in the state to have enough ethanol on hand when E20 fuel becomes mandatory in 2025.

The Gujarat government intends to provide a 25% subsidy of up to 10 crores for the establishment of an ethanol plant underneath the policy. The state government will guarantee a lending subsidy for the projects. Additionally, the policy provides five years of 100% state GST and electricity cost repayment. Maize is used to making ethanol. The state government intends to provide incentives to farmers who grow maize for ethanol production.

 

• Gujarat Industrial Policy 2020

The policy anticipates an annual outlay of Rs 8,000 crore. It intends to provide an estimated Rs 40,000 crore in industrial subsidies over the next five years. The new policy adheres to the Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan. Certain incentive programs have been implemented to encourage industrial development while making the best use of natural resources. Another important goal is to encourage greater adherence to environmental standards and to support the development of cutting-edge sustainable industrial infrastructure to reduce air and water pollution.

a) Existing CETPs, common spray dryers, common multiple effect evaporators, and so on will be upgraded at a 40% discount up to INR 50 crore.

b) Industries that practice at least 50% waste recovery through Zero Liquid Discharge as certified by GPCB will receive up to 50% capital subsidy on the cost of relevant equipment up to INR 75 lakhs.

c) Green Estate Development at 25% of project cost for setting up/relocating/retrofitting existing polluting industrial units into Green Industrial Estates up to INR 25 crore.

d) The policy will also cover up to 75% of the cost of developing a site master plan for the relocation and retrofitting of existing polluting industrial units into Green Industrial Estates, up to INR 80 lakhs.

Policies in Telangana

 

• Haritha Haram

Telanganaku Haritha Haram, the government’s flagship program, aims to increase the state’s green cover from 25.16 percent in 2015 to 33% of the total geographical area. A total of 230 crore seedlings will be raised over the next three years, beginning with ‘Green Week’ in the first week of July. By monsoon, fifty lakh saplings would be planted in GHMC limits alone. The Forest Department and the District Water Management Agency (DWMA) have prepared 41 million saplings. In the fiscal year 2015-16, Rs 325 crore has been set aside for this purpose.

 

• ‘Rythu Bandhu’ Scheme

Improving agricultural productivity and income for farmers, as well as breaking the vicious cycle of rural liabilities The Agriculture Investment Support Scheme, popularly known as Rythu Bandhu, was implemented beginning with the 2018-19 Kharif season to meet the initial investment needs of every farmer. Investment support for agriculture and horticulture crops is provided twice a year in the form of a grant of Rs. 5,000 per acre per season for the purchase of inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, labor, and other investments during the Rabi (Yasangi) and Kharif (Rainy) seasons. This is India’s first direct farmer investment support scheme, in which cash is paid directly to farmers.

 

• Mission Kakatiya

A flagship government program aimed at restoring approximately 46,000 tanks in five years to provide irrigation for approximately 25 lakh acres for Rs 22,000 crore. In the 2015-16 and 2016-17 budgets, the Telangana government allocated more than Rs. 4,600 crores for this initiative. Desiltation, repairing damaged sluices and weirs, restoring dilapidated tank bunds, stone revetments, and plugging seepages are all part of the Mission. Mission Kakatiya aims to improve the groundwater table, reduce farm sector power consumption, increase yields, stimulate livestock growth, and revitalize the rural economy as a whole. According to the ICRISAT study, applying silt to farm fields saved between Rs 2,500 and Rs 3,750.

Karnataka

 

• Mukhyamantri Anila Bhagya Yojane

The government will provide a free gas connection, two burner gas stoves, and two refill cylinders to BPL (Below Poverty Line) families in the state under this scheme. A budget of Rs 1350 crore has been set aside for this scheme, which will benefit 30 lakh people.

Kerala

 

• LIGHTS TO BRIGHTEN KERALA

The Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB) is doing everything it can to help. It will implement an ambitious project called Filament-free Kerala in collaboration with the Energy Management Centre of Kerala to light up the state and reduce pollution caused by incandescent bulbs and CFLs. The goal is to have LED bulbs installed in every home in the state.

 

• URJA KERALA MISSION AND RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS

The Urja Kerala Mission will connect five projects: the Rooftop Solar Project, Filament-free Kerala, Dyuti 2021, which is expected to raise the power distribution network to international standards, Transgrid, and E-Safe, which is intended to reduce electricity-related accidents.

Policies in Rajasthan

 

• Rajasthan Environment Policy 2010

The policy recognizes the most pressing environmental issues and proposes methods and activities to address them. The policy paper is based on a study of state-specific concerns, natural resource limits from which they develop, and their overall environmental effects.

Key Environmental Challenges

 

• Growing water demand
• Mineral deposits in forest regions that have been prohibited from being utilized by forest policy
• Pollution reduction in the face of industrialization and growing urbanization
• Population increase and a steady influx of migrants to cities
• achieve a balance between the use of forests for commercial items (such as food, medicine, and lumber) and conservation activities aimed at preserving the natural processes that support biodiversity
• Creative technique for supplying rural residents with cooking and lighting electricity
• The tourist business is also a difficulty since it puts a significant strain on civic facilities.
• Climate change is causing rising worry not only at the national level but also among state governments.
• While overexploitation of natural resources and damaging activities may be the immediate causes, development processes only cause environmental deterioration through deeper causal links.
• The link between poverty and the environment
• Environment policy must encourage research and development activities that stimulate innovation and give technical alternatives, as well as insights for policy formulation and regulation.

Objectives and Principles

The objectives and principles behind the State Environment Policy are like those behind the National Environment Policy, 2006. In general, the SEP seeks to:

 

1. Protect important ecosystems and natural and man-made heritage, guaranteeing fair access to environmental resources for all parts of society, sensible use of these resources to ensure intergenerational justice, and efficient usage to optimize production and limit environmental degradation.
2. Assure the environmental sustainability of key economic sectors by incorporating environmental considerations into economic and social development strategies, plans, programs, and projects, so that they do not deplete the resource base on which they rely.
3. Improve Environmental Governance and Capacity Building by ensuring openness, rationality, accountability, time and cost-effectiveness, involvement, and regulation independent in the environmental management and regulation process. The strategy also should assure increased resource flow for environmental protection and encourage positive multi-stakeholder collaboration.

To achieve these goals, a series of methods and activities are outlined in the following sections. The fundamental ideas underlying these strategic initiatives are the same as those outlined in the National Environment Policy of 2006, namely:

 

1. Human beings are at the core of sustainable development issues, and they have the right to a healthy and productive existence in balance with the environment.
2. The right to development must be realized with equity for current and future generations from all walks of life.
3. Environmental protection is an essential component of the development process and cannot be treated separately.
4. Where real risks to vital natural resources exist, the ‘precautionary approach’ will be used, and a lack of full scientific knowledge will not be used to justify not taking mitigation measures.
5. Economic efficiency will be pursued in production and consumption activities by assigning economic value to the cost of environmental services, ensuring that polluters pay for the cost of pollution, minimizing wasteful use and consumption of natural resources, and minimizing institutional costs and delays in environmental management.
6. Entities of ‘incomparable’ worth (such as unique historical sites, charismatic species of animals and flora, and distinctive landscapes) must be conserved at all costs because harm to these cannot be repaid in money or conventional products and services.
7. The principles of equity must guide environmental policy in all of its facets, including ‘procedural equity,’ which refers to fair rules for allocating entitlements and obligations, ‘end-result equity,’ which refers to the fair distribution of outcomes, ‘intra-generational equity,’ which refers to equity within societies, and ‘inter-generational equity,’ which refers to justice between generations.
8. Civil responsibility, in addition to criminal accountability, can be used to prohibit ecologically hazardous behavior and compensate victims of environmental damage.
9. The State is the steward of all-natural resources, and it must allow for public usage while also preserving the legitimate interests of a vast number of individuals.
10. Decentralization of competencies from a Central Authority to State and Local Authorities may enable public authorities to address local environmental problems more effectively.
11. Environmental concerns must be incorporated into sectoral policy-making and policy research, and links between the many agencies entrusted with implementing environmental policies at the federal, state, and local levels must be improved.
12. Environmental standards must represent the economic and social development scenario in which they are to be implemented, and they must be based on danger to human health, a risk to other environmental entities, technological feasibility, compliance costs, and other factors.
13. Preventing environmental harm is preferable (and typically cheaper) than attempting to recover after the decline.
14. If a development activity threatens endangered species and natural ecosystems that are critical to supporting life, providing livelihoods, and general well-being, environmental offsetting measures must be implemented to restore as much as possible the lost environmental services to the affected communities.

Policies in Haryana

 

• Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat Programme

Through the notion of state/UT matching, this program strives to improve interaction and mutual understanding between individuals from various states/UTs. The states engage in programs to foster a continuous and systematic cultural link in areas like language acquisition, culture, customs, music, tourism and gastronomy, sports, and best practices exchange, among others.

The broad objectives of the initiative are as follows:-

 

• TO CELEBRATE our Nation’s Unity in Diversity and to maintain and develop the fabric of our people’s historically existent emotional relationships;
• PROMOTE the spirit of national unity through a thorough and systematic interaction with all Indian states and union territories over a year
• SHOWCASE the rich legacy and culture, customs, and traditions of either State to let people understand and respect India’s diversity, hence building a feeling of one identity;
• TO CREATE LONG-TERM PARTNERSHIPS
• TO CREATE an atmosphere that encourages inter-state learning by exchanging best practices and experiences.

 

• LED BASED SOLAR HOME LIGHTING SYSTEM (MANOHAR JYOTI)

The Department is implementing a scheme named LED based Solar Home Lighting

System (MANOHAR JYOTI) to fulfill the basic energy requirements i.e. lighting and air cooling of the households of the State. The system consists:-

 

• 150 watt Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) Module
• 12.8V 80Ah Lithium Ferro Phosphate Battery
• 2 LED Luminaries of 6Watt each, one LED Tube light (batten type) of 9Watt,
• DC Ceiling fan of 25 watt
• One USB Port for mobile phone charging.

 

• LED BASED SPV STREET LIGHTING PROGRAMME FOR THE YEARS 2020-2021

New and Renewable Energy Department, Haryana is implementing a demand based LED Based SPV Street Lighting Scheme in the rural area of the state to reduce the dependence on conventional power for street lighting. To synergize the efforts of the Department for a greater impact on its schemes, LED Solar Street Lighting systems and distribution of LED Bulbs shall be implemented in the same cluster of villages preferably in Women Headed GPs. During the year 2020-2021, tentatively 3,125 nos. of LED Based SPV Street Light (each system have a 75-watt solar panel, 12.8 volt 30 Ah Lithium Ferro Phosphate battery, 12 Watt White LED Luminaire and Pole of 5 Meter above ground level with dusk to dawn operation {first 4 hours full light (min. 24 lux), rest of the time at lower light (50% Min. 12 lux) level} & 3 days or minimum 36 operating hours autonomy) shall be installed with state subsidy @ Rs. 4,000/- per system and balance will be the user share to be borne by the eligible non-commercial institutions/organizations, Zila Parisad, Gram Panchayats, Block Samitis, etc.

Policies in Punjab

 

• Punjab State Rural Livelihood Mission (PSRLM)

Punjab State Rural Livelihood Mission (PSRLM) is a poverty alleviation project implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India. This scheme is focused on promoting self-employment and the organization of rural poor. The basic idea behind this program is to organize the poor into SHG (Self Help Groups) groups to start some entrepreneurial activities and make them capable of self-employment.

Mission, principles, and values

The core belief of the Punjab State Rural Livelihood Mission (PSRLM) is that the poor have innate capabilities and a strong desire to come out of poverty. They are entrepreneurial, an essential coping mechanism to survive under conditions of poverty. The challenge is to unleash their capabilities to generate meaningful livelihoods and enable them to come out of poverty.

Mission

“To reduce poverty by enabling the poor households to access gainful self-employment and skilled wage employment opportunities resulting in appreciable improvement in their livelihoods on a sustainable basis, through building strong and sustainable grassroots institutions of the poor.”

Guiding Principles

 

• The poor have a strong desire to come out of poverty, and they have innate capabilities.
• An external dedicated and sensitive support structure is required to induce the social mobilization, institution building, and empowerment process.
• Facilitating knowledge dissemination, skill-building, access to credit, access to marketing, and access to other livelihood services enables them to enjoy a portfolio of sustainable livelihoods.

Values

The core values which guide all the activities under PSRLM are as follows:

 

• Inclusion of the poorest, and meaningful role to the poorest in all the processes
• Transparency and accountability of all processes and institutions.
• Ownership and the key role of the poor and their institutions in all stages – planning, implementation, and, monitoring.